Thucydidean Converter
Changelog
30.05.2026
- Added prefixes like παρεῖχον for εἶχον to spurious
- Added hidden quantity to ἃς
- Added εἷλον to spurious
- Added hidden quantities:
ἄρας -> ārās
ἄραντες -> ārantes
ναῦς -> nāus
Ἀκαρνανίας -> Akarnāniās
Ἀθήνας -> Atʰɛ̄nās - Fixed false hidden quantity on early i:
περιενίκησε διανίκησε
29.05.2026
- Collapsed spurious Οὐρανός Διόσκουροι
12.05.2026
- Added capitals e.g. Ἥφαιστος, Ῥωμαϊκόν
08.05.2026
- Added to spurious: εἴρω, ἐξουσία
27.11.2025
- Fixed the latin transcription for ἀκούειν from akōn to akōēn
- Merging aspirants: οὐχ ὁρω -> ΟΥΧΟΡΟ -> ōkʰorɔ̄
22.11.2025
- 3rd Person Singular Imperfect Active (Contract Verbs)
If the standard Classical form of the Imperfect Active (3rd pers. sg.) ends in -ει, it is written as -Ε in this inscription.
The Logic: The standard ending -ει is formed by contracting the verb stem ε with the ending ε (
ϵ+ϵ=ϵι
ϵ+ϵ=ϵι
). This creates a “spurious” diphthong, which is written simply as E in the Old Attic alphabet.
Examples:
καθῄρει (he was clearing) → ΚΑΘΕΙΡΕ
ἐποίει (he was making) → ΕΠΟΙΕ
ᾤκει (he was dwelling) → ΟΙΚΕ
ἐκράτει (he was ruling) → ΕΚΡΑΤΕ - 1. Labials
Π or Φ + ’ / space + Ͱ → Φ
Example: ἀφ᾽ οὗ → ΑΦ’ ͰΟ → ΑΦΟ
2. Dentals
Τ or Θ + ’ / space + Ͱ → Θ
Example: μεθ᾽ ὅπλων → ΜΕΘ’ ͰΟΠΛΟΝ → ΜΕΘΟΠΛΟΝ
Example: κατ᾽ ἅπερ → ΚΑΤ’ ͰΑΠΕΡ → ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ
3. Velars
Κ or Χ + ’ / space + Ͱ → Χ
Example: οὐχ ἕν → ΟΥΧ ͰΕΝ → ΟΥΧΕΝ
21.11.2025
- The 3rd person singular present indicative of -εω verbs was ALWAYS written with ΕΙ, not Ε.
- WHEN the 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of an -εω verb ends in -ει in standard Greek,
- THEN in Old Attic script (460-400 BCE), that ending is simplified and written as -Ε. (e.g. ΕΠΟΙΕ, ΚΑΘΕΙΡΕ)
- I’ve verified by stone that it was ΟΥΤΕ and not ΟΤΕ.
- I’ve verified by stone that it was ΒΟΛΕ and not ΒΟΥΛΕ (IG I³ 61).
- I’ve verified by stone that it was ΤΟΥΤΟ and not ΤΟΤΟ (IG I³ 61).
- I’ve verified by stone that it was ΔΟΚΕΙ and not ΔΟΚΕ (IG I³ 40).
- I’ve verified by stone that the 3rd p. sg. was always -ΕΙ and not -Ε (IG I³ 40).
- I’ve verified by stone that it was ΟΥΔΕ and not ΟΔΕ (IG I³ 40).
20.11.2025
- I’ve verified by stone that it was ΟΥΚ and ΟΥ and not just Ο.
- I’ve verified by stone that it was ΛΕΓΕΙ and not ΛΕΓΕ.
- I’ve verified by stone that it was ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ and not ΑΝΓΕΛΟΣ.
02.11.2025
- I’ve verified by stone that it was ΘΟΚΥΔΙΔΕΣ, not ΘΟΥΚΥΔΙΔΕΣ.
Elevenlabs Cheat Sheet
y (ü): Großes Ü oder doppel üü
h: ჰ oder ה
Eta oder langes ē: ēē
Aspiranten: t’h, k’h, p’h
Gamma: ג oder გ
Kappa: κ oder ק oder კ
Langes ō: ōō
Betonung: í
Examples:
t’hōōküüdídēēs.
ჰo stratēēgos agei.
Information
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This converter brings standardized byzantine minuscule back into the old attic orthography with a focus on approximately 460-430bc.
Spurious diphthongs are getting collapsed, the pronounciation follows epigraphical evidence and scholarly consensus.